http://digitool.library.mcgill.ca/webclient/StreamGate?folder_id=0&dvs=1517673873375~37
See page 19- SECTION II 2. NAME Sex-related differences in retinal function and structure and the role of estrogen 2.1 The role of biological sex on the retina
Another Source
https://www.jscimedcentral.com/Ophthalmology/Articles/ophthalmology-1-1007.pdf
At least six studies of retinal thickness in living humans have found a statistically significant difference between males and females, with males having thicker retinas. Those six studies are (alphabetically, by first author): 1) Asrani S, Zou S, d’Anna S, Vitale S, Zeinier R. Noninvasive mapping of the normal retinal thickness at the posterior pole. Ophthalmology 1999; 106: 269-73. 2) Hee MR, Puliafito CA, Duker JS, et al. Topography of diabetic macular edema with optical coherence tomography. Ophthalmology 1998;105:360–370. 3) Huynh SC, Wang XY, Rochtchina E, Mitchell P. Distribution of macular thickness by optical coherence tomography: findings from a population-based study of 6-year-old children. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 2006;47:2351-2357. (This study is of particular interest because it is the only one which surveyed children rather than adults.) 4) Massin P, Erginay A, Haouchine B, Ben Mehidi A, Paques M, Gaudric A. Retinal thickness in healthy and diabetic subjects measured using optical coherence tomography mapping software. European Journal of Ophthalmology, 2002;12:102- 108. 5) Wakitani Y, Sasoh M, Sugimoto M, Ito Y, Ido M, Uji Y. Macular thickness measurements in healthy subjects with different axial lengths using optical coherence tomography. Retina. 2003;23:177–182. 6) Wong AC, Chan CW, Hui SP. Relationship of gender, body mass index, and axial length with central retinal thickness using optical coherence tomography. Eye. 2005;19:292–297. The sex difference is least striking
A team of German investigators has recently reported that there are striking differences in the organization of human visual cortex (Amunts et al., 2007). These differences are quite concordant with the hypothesis proposed by Professor Alexander, namely that the M-system (the “where” system) predominates in males. How would you account for the remarkable findings reported by Amunts et al.? Her paper is attached.